ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИБОРУ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПРОВІЗОРІВ

The article covers the factors of the professional self-determination of students-pharmacists in the phase of professional education. The social and subjective factors have the highest priority in their choice of profession. In their choice of profession the respondents faced some problems: the influence of their parents’ position, unsoundness of their profession choice, insufficient information about their future activity, enthusiasm about the appearance of the profession. The most adequate approach to providing assistance to the young person in the period of their professional choice is the psychological and pedagogical support that promotes development of internal conditions of professional self-identification.  The low activity of the self-determination subject is the feature of pharmacists’ professional self-determination.У статті висвітлено чинники професійного самовизначення студентів-провізорів на етапі професійного навчання. Пріоритетними у виборі професії є соціальні та суб’єктивні чинники. Респонденти у виборі професії зустрілись з проблемами: впливу позиції батьків, необґрунтованістю вибору професії, недостатньою інформованістю про майбутню діяльність, захопленням зовнішньою стороною професії. Особливiстю професійного самовизначення провізорів є низька активність суб’єкта самовизначення. Найадекватнішим підходом до надання допомоги молодій людині у період професійного вибору є психолого-педагогічний супровід, який сприяє створенню внутрішніх умов професійного самовизначення

ШЛЯХИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ОСТЕОДЕФІЦИТУ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ

Summary. Background osteodeficiency states at chronic pancreatitis is caused by disorders of digestion that appears malabsorbtion and  maldigestion syndromes and in violation of assimilation of mineral and organic matter. A key point in the development osteodeficiency in chronic pancreatitis is certainly a deficiency of calcium and vitamin D3. Osteodeficiency in CP components can be as osteomalacia (vitamin deficiencies due to vitamin D3), and osteoporosis (violation of calcium-phosphorus, protein metabolism, secondary, and because primary osteoporosis - age, postmenopausal). In order to assess the status of bone mineral density examination of patients underwent lumbar spine using two-photon X-ray densitometer. Found that in 75% of patients with chronic pancreatitis observed violations of bone mineralisation.Past studies substantiate the feasibility of sharing calcium-vitamin and mineral preparations and bisphosphonate ryzendronic acid in the proposed scheme concomitant treatment of osteoporosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The expediency of using drugs Vitrum Kaltsium 600 + D400 and Ryzendros in treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis with concomitant osteodeficiency, leading to substantial significant improvement in bone mineral - growth of bone mineral density.Актуальность проблемы развития остеодефицитних состояний при хроническом панкреатите обусловлена расстройствами процессов пищеварения, синдромами мальдигестии и мальабсорбции с нарушением усвоения минеральных и органических веществ. Ключевым моментом в развитии остеодефицита при хроническом панкреатите, безусловно, является дефицит кальция и витамина D3. Остеодефицит при ХП может иметь компоненты как остеомаляции (вследствие гиповитаминоза витамина D3), так и остеопороза (нарушения кальциево-фосфорного, белкового обменов вторично, а также вследствие первичного остеопороза - возрастного, постменопаузального). С целью оценки состояния минеральной плотности костной ткани больным проводили обследование поясничного отдела позвоночника с помощью двофотонного рентгеновского денситометра. Установлено, что у 75% обследованных больных хроническим панкреатитом наблюдаются нарушения минерализации костной ткани. Проведенные исследования обосновывают целесообразность совместного использования кальцийсодержащего витаминно-минерального препарата и бисфосфоната - ризендроновой кислоты по предложенной схеме в лечении сопутствующего остеопороза у больных хроническим панкреатитом.  Доказана целесообразность использования препаратов Витрум Кальциум 600 + D400 и Ризендрос в комплексном лечении больных хроническим панкреатитом с сопутствующим остеодефициту, что привело к существенному достоверному улучшению состояния минерализации кости - приросту минеральной плотности костной ткани.Резюме. Актуальність проблеми розвитку остеодефіцитних станів при хронічному панкреатиті зумовлена розладами процесів травлення, що виявляється синдромами мальдигестії та мальабсорбції з порушенням засвоєння мінеральних і органічних речовин. Ключовим моментом у розвитку остеодефіциту при хронічному панкреатиті, безумовно, є дефіцит кальцію та вітаміну D3. Остеодефіцит при ХП  може мати компоненти як остеомаляції (внаслідок гіповітамінозу вітаміну D3), так і остеопорозу (порушення кальцієво-фосфорного, білкового обмінів вторинно, а також внаслідок первинного остеопорозу – вікового, постменопаузального). З метою оцінки стану мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини хворим проводили обстеження поперекового відділу хребта за допомогою двофотонного рентгенівського денситометра. Встановлено, що у 75 % обстежених хворих на  хронічний панкреатит спостерігаються порушення мінералізації кісткової тканини.Проведені дослідження обґрунтовують доцільність спільного використання кальцієвмісного вітамінно-мінерального препарату та бісфосфонату ризендронової кислоти за запропонованою схемою у лікуванні супутнього остеопорозу у хворих на хронічний панкреатит. Доведено доцільність використання препаратів Вітрум Кальціум 600+D400 та Ризендрос в комплексному лікуванні хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім остеодефіцитом, що призвело до суттєвого достовірного покращення стану мінералізації кістки - приросту мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини

Electrochemical Determination of Sudan Dyes and Two Manner to Realise it a Theoretical Investigation

In this work, a general theoretical description of the electrochemical determination of Sudan dyes by cathodic and anodic route has been made. Two mathematical models have been developed for each case, being, afterward, analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It has been shown that in both cases, the systems are efficient from the electroanalytical point of view. The possibility for the oscillatory and monotonic instability has also been verified

Detector Technologies for CLIC

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a high-energy high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider under development. It is foreseen to be built and operated in three stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. It offers a rich physics program including direct searches as well as the probing of new physics through a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs-boson and top-quark sectors. The precision required for such measurements and the specific conditions imposed by the beam dimensions and time structure put strict requirements on the detector design and technology. This includes low-mass vertexing and tracking systems with small cells, highly granular imaging calorimeters, as well as a precise hit-time resolution and power-pulsed operation for all subsystems. A conceptual design for the CLIC detector system was published in 2012. Since then, ambitious R&D programmes for silicon vertex and tracking detectors, as well as for calorimeters have been pursued within the CLICdp, CALICE and FCAL collaborations, addressing the challenging detector requirements with innovative technologies. This report introduces the experimental environment and detector requirements at CLIC and reviews the current status and future plans for detector technology R&D.Comment: 152 pages, 116 figures; published as CERN Yellow Report Monograph Vol. 1/2019; corresponding editors: Dominik Dannheim, Katja Kr\"uger, Aharon Levy, Andreas N\"urnberg, Eva Sickin

Selection of the silicon sensor thickness for the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker

During the operation of the CMS experiment at the High-Luminosity LHC the silicon sensors of the Phase-2 Outer Tracker will be exposed to radiation levels that could potentially deteriorate their performance. Previous studies had determined that planar float zone silicon with n-doped strips on a p-doped substrate was preferred over p-doped strips on an n-doped substrate. The last step in evaluating the optimal design for the mass production of about 200 m$^{2}$ of silicon sensors was to compare sensors of baseline thickness (about 300 μm) to thinned sensors (about 240 μm), which promised several benefits at high radiation levels because of the higher electric fields at the same bias voltage. This study provides a direct comparison of these two thicknesses in terms of sensor characteristics as well as charge collection and hit efficiency for fluences up to 1.5 × 10$^{15}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^{2}$. The measurement results demonstrate that sensors with about 300 μm thickness will ensure excellent tracking performance even at the highest considered fluence levels expected for the Phase-2 Outer Tracker

Beam test performance of a prototype module with Short Strip ASICs for the CMS HL-LHC tracker upgrade

The Short Strip ASIC (SSA) is one of the four front-end chips designed for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker for the High Luminosity LHC. Together with the Macro-Pixel ASIC (MPA) it will instrument modules containing a strip and a macro-pixel sensor stacked on top of each other. The SSA provides both full readout of the strip hit information when triggered, and, together with the MPA, correlated clusters called stubs from the two sensors for use by the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger system. Results from the first prototype module consisting of a sensor and two SSA chips are presented. The prototype module has been characterized at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility using a 120 GeV proton beam

Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5–7.5×10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000–4000 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13–14 TeV. To cope with these challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the experiment

Comparative evaluation of analogue front-end designs for the CMS Inner Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC

The CMS Inner Tracker, made of silicon pixel modules, will be entirely replaced prior to the start of the High Luminosity LHC period. One of the crucial components of the new Inner Tracker system is the readout chip, being developed by the RD53 Collaboration, and in particular its analogue front-end, which receives the signal from the sensor and digitizes it. Three different analogue front-ends (Synchronous, Linear, and Differential) were designed and implemented in the RD53A demonstrator chip. A dedicated evaluation program was carried out to select the most suitable design to build a radiation tolerant pixel detector able to sustain high particle rates with high efficiency and a small fraction of spurious pixel hits. The test results showed that all three analogue front-ends presented strong points, but also limitations. The Differential front-end demonstrated very low noise, but the threshold tuning became problematic after irradiation. Moreover, a saturation in the preamplifier feedback loop affected the return of the signal to baseline and thus increased the dead time. The Synchronous front-end showed very good timing performance, but also higher noise. For the Linear front-end all of the parameters were within specification, although this design had the largest time walk. This limitation was addressed and mitigated in an improved design. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the three front-ends in the context of the CMS Inner Tracker operation requirements led to the selection of the improved design Linear front-end for integration in the final CMS readout chip

Search for top squarks in the four-body decay mode with single lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search for the pair production of the lightest supersymmetric partner of the top quark, the top squark (t∼1), is presented. The search targets the four-body decay of the t∼1, which is preferred when the mass difference between the top squark and the lightest supersymmetric particle is smaller than the mass of the W boson. This decay mode consists of a bottom quark, two other fermions, and the lightest neutralino (χ∼01), which is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Events are selected using the presence of a high-momentum jet, an electron or muon with low transverse momentum, and a significant missing transverse momentum. The signal is selected based on a multivariate approach that is optimized for the difference between m(t∼1) and m(χ∼01). The contribution from leading background processes is estimated from data. No significant excess is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. The results of this search exclude top squarks at 95% confidence level for masses up to 480 and 700 GeV for m(t∼1) − m(χ∼01) = 10 and 80 GeV, respectively

Performance of the local reconstruction algorithms for the CMS hadron calorimeter with Run 2 data

A description is presented of the algorithms used to reconstruct energy deposited in the CMS hadron calorimeter during Run 2 (2015–2018) of the LHC. During Run 2, the characteristic bunch-crossing spacing for proton-proton collisions was 25 ns, which resulted in overlapping signals from adjacent crossings. The energy corresponding to a particular bunch crossing of interest is estimated using the known pulse shapes of energy depositions in the calorimeter, which are measured as functions of both energy and time. A variety of algorithms were developed to mitigate the effects of adjacent bunch crossings on local energy reconstruction in the hadron calorimeter in Run 2, and their performance is compared